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West Nile Virus Vaccine
About West Nile Virus Vaccine
West Nile virus WNV vaccine development began after WNV appeared in North America in 1999. WNV spread across the continent by 2003, causing approximately 2,900 cases of neuroinvasive disease and 264 deaths that year. Several WNV vaccine candidates have been developed including DNA vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and live attenuated chimeric vaccines. None have been licensed for humans. WNV vaccines for horses were licensed in the early 2000s and are widely used. The lack of a human WNV vaccine reflects market rather than scientific challenges. WNV causes severe disease in relatively few people, reducing commercial incentives. Climate change may expand WNV transmission, increasing the case for vaccination.
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