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HIV Vaccine
About HIV Vaccine
HIV vaccine research began in 1987 and has been one of the most challenging fields in vaccinology. HIV mutates rapidly, integrates into the host genome, and attacks the immune system itself. Multiple vaccine approaches have failed. VaxGen conducted the first Phase 3 HIV vaccine trial in 1998 to 2003 using gp120 protein, but the vaccine showed no efficacy. The STEP trial, a Merck adenovirus vector vaccine, was halted in 2007 after the vaccine appeared to increase HIV risk. The RV144 Thai trial in 2009 showed 31 percent efficacy, the first modest signal of protection. The HVTN 702 trial in South Africa, designed to confirm RV144, was halted in 2020 for futility. mRNA HIV vaccine candidates by Moderna entered clinical trials in 2022. An HIV vaccine remains elusive.
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