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Vaccine Cold Chain
About Vaccine Cold Chain
The vaccine cold chain is the temperature controlled supply chain that maintains vaccine potency from manufacturer to patient. Most vaccines must be stored between 2 and 8 degrees Celsius. The cold chain was developed in the 1960s and 1970s by the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization. Cold chain equipment includes refrigerators, freezers, cold boxes, vaccine carriers, and temperature monitors. Solar powered refrigerators enable vaccination in areas without reliable electricity. The cold chain is one of the largest logistical operations in global health. Maintaining the cold chain is challenging in developing countries with tropical climates and poor infrastructure. VVMs Vaccine Vial Monitors change color when exposed to heat, indicating whether vaccine is still usable. Ultra cold chain requirements for some COVID vaccines posed significant challenges.
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