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Vaccine Mucosal
About Vaccine Mucosal
Mucosal vaccines delivered through the nose or mouth may provide better protection against respiratory viruses than injected vaccines. Intranasal vaccines stimulate IgA antibodies at mucosal surfaces where viruses enter. The FluMist nasal spray influenza vaccine was licensed in 2003. However, FluMist showed reduced effectiveness against some influenza strains and was not recommended in the US for the 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018 seasons. Several intranasal COVID vaccine candidates have been developed. CanSino in China and Bharat Biotech in India received approval for inhaled and intranasal COVID vaccines. Oxford University developed an intranasal COVID vaccine that entered trials. Mucosal vaccines could theoretically provide sterilizing immunity, preventing infection and transmission rather than just preventing disease. This would be transformative for respiratory virus control. However, measuring mucosal immunity is more difficult than measuring serum antibodies. Mucosal vaccine technology remains experimental for most pathogens.
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